A chemical reaction between solar ultraviolet radiation and an atmosphere polluted with hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen causes photochemical smog. Roadways are an important feature of the built environment in the united states, one that has developed as a result of massive investment and of public policy heavily influenced by private interests. Additionally, the population of the southern california region is expected to increase by 10 million people over the next 25 years. Whats overlooked, however, is that three of the biggest polluters in l. These data consist of measurements of primary pollutants such as nitric oxide, hydrocarbons, carbon. Sulfurous smog results from a high concentration of sulfur oxides in the air. At least two distinct types of smog are recognized. This system, along with the streetcar systems in 45 other cities. This iodine release could not be explained by the very small.
Waxman asked the minority staff of the committee on government reform of the u. These effects are attributed to the release of large quantities of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere. Air pollution in cities is caused by emissions from buildings and vehicles. Some laws include restriction s on what chemicals a factory can release into the atmosphere, or when the factory can release them. Many countries, including the united states, have created laws to reduce smog. Formation of photochemical aerosol from hydrocarbons. Condensates of smog air collected by passing air through traps cooled to 80 and 180 c. These data consist of measurements of primary pollutants such as nitric oxide, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and particulates, and secondary pollutants. Londontype smog occurs in the regions where 1 emission of the sulfurcontaining compounds is high due to burning of coal to generate heat and energy. The term smog was first used to describe a combination of smoke and fog that occurred in london in the 1900s.
As these two smog types are not exclusively limited to the two cities mentioned above it is suggested that for a large scale geographical application of these two terms a distinction be made according to the respective indicators of. The photochemical action of nitrogen oxides oxidizes the hydrocarbons and thereby forms ozone, responsible for. Industrial smoke and fumes were so thick during one day in 1903 that residents mistook it for an eclipse of the sun. I live in the valley which is supposedly the area that gets the most smog. Air pollution is more correct because analysis has shown the air here to contain not only water vapor and smoke, but also a complex and variable mixture of gases, solid particles, and droplets of other liquids. Epa information photochemical smog what it means for us. Bureau of automotive repair disciplinary actions october 2019. Burning materials create emissions that can cause air pollution.
The smog in london was caused by soot and other air pollutants that form during combustion of fuels, such as coal. Measuring air quality answer key national geographic society. Constructs the future 1940 1990 april 9, 20 to march 10, 2014 the j. Panicked residents believed their city had been attacked using chemical warfare. Who is responsible for smog inspection when selling a vehicle. Paying registration fees without having the smog inspection.
Bureau of automotive repairs consumer assistance programs. Fogs can be viewed as clouds that are in contact with. Atmospheric inversion layers play an important role in creating it. This type of smog has its origin in the nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon vapours emitted by automobiles role of nitric oxide. Type of air pollution characterized by high levels of ozone and low visibility, typically found in cities located in a. With an estimated population of nearly four million people, it is the countrys second most populous city after new york city and the third most populous city in north. Box the university of wisconsin, madison, wisconsin w. Smog can happen both during the day and at night, but photochemical smog only happens in the presence of sunlight.
Sulfurous smog results from a high concentration of sulfur oxides in the air and is caused by the use of. Although the term is derived from the words smoke and fog, it is often used to describe the pall of automotive or industrial origin that lies over many cities, and its composition is variable. Kelly, and wheeling the deal, the outrageous legend of gordon zahler, hollywoods flashiest quadriplegic. What to do when your vehicle fails the smog inspection. Some seven hundred years ago, in 7, edward i of england was so annoyed he instructed his commissioners to assess great fines and ransoms against.